The Temple of Literature in Hanoi is not only one of the city’s most beautiful historical landmarks but also a symbol of Vietnam’s deep respect for education and culture. Built in 1070 as a temple dedicated to Confucius, this iconic site later became Vietnam’s first national university, nurturing generations of scholars, mandarins, and intellectuals. Today, it stands as a must-visit attraction for travelers seeking to understand the spirit of Hanoi.
Overview of Temple of Literature
Founded during the reign of Emperor Ly Thanh Tong in 1070, the Temple of Literature in Hanoi was dedicated to Confucius, sages, and scholars. Later, Emperor Ly Nhan Tong established the Imperial Academy within its grounds, making it the country’s first national university.
For centuries, it was the training center for Vietnam’s elite scholars, where the best students from across the nation studied Confucian classics before becoming mandarins serving the royal court. The stone steles of doctors – large stone slabs engraved with the names of successful graduates – remain till nowadays, offering valuable historical records. For travelers who want to explore Vietnam’s cultural identity, this temple offers:
- A glimpse into Vietnam’s scholarly past: It was originally established to honor Confucius and later developed into the Imperial Academy, the highest educational institution in ancient Vietnam.
- Stunning traditional Vietnamese architecture: Wooden pavilions, stone steles, lotus ponds, and landscaped courtyards create a tranquil atmosphere in the heart of the bustling city.
- Cultural symbolism: The temple represents Vietnam’s long tradition of valuing knowledge, education, and moral virtue.
Highlights of the Temple of Literature
When visiting the Temple of Literature, you will walk through five distinct courtyards, each carrying a unique meaning:
1. The First Courtyard – The Great Middle Gate:
As you pass through the Great Middle Gate into the first courtyard, you are immediately embraced by a serene atmosphere, filled with lush greenery and a sense of calm. On top of the gate sits a fish figure. According to legend, fish that manage to jump over strong sea waves are turned into dragons. This fish is a symbol of students, showing that only through hard work and constant effort can they pass exams and achieve success.
2. The Second Courtyard – The Constellation of Literature Pavilion:
The Pavilion of Constellation may be small, but its design is elegant and balanced. It is built on four brick pillars with a wooden top, four round windows, railings, and a roof. This pavilion is a symbol of Hanoi and can even be seen on the 100,000 VND banknote of Vietnam.
3. The Third Courtyard – The Well of Heavenly Clarity:
The Well of Heavenly Clarity is designed as a spacious courtyard with a square-shaped pond at its center. In one corner, visitors can find rows of stone turtles carrying large stelae on their backs. Surrounded by the 82 stone steles of doctors, which preserve details about imperial examinations and distinguished scholars from the 15th to 18th centuries.
4. The Fourth Courtyard – The Gate to Great Success:
Known as the “Gate to Great Success”, this elegant House of Ceremonies honors Confucius and his disciples along with a solemn sanctuary.
5. The Fifth Courtyard – The Grounds of Imperial Academy:
The fifth courtyard was once the study hall of scholars, now restored into a traditional building showcasing Vietnam’s educational history. On the ground floor stands a statue of Chu Van An, the first rector of the Imperial Academy and a revered scholar who devoted his entire life to education. The upper floor serves as a place of worship, honoring the three kings who played pivotal roles in establishing and safeguarding the academy.
The temple remains a place of inspiration and worship for generations of Vietnamese youngsters, especially during important milestones like university entrance examinations or graduations. For travelers exploring the capital of Vietnam, the Temple of Literature is one of the most enriching cultural experiences. It combines history, architecture, and philosophy in one serene setting. Imagine walking through shaded courtyards, hearing the echo of history in every wooden hall, and seeing local students pray for luck in their exams. Whether you’re passionate about history, photography, or simply want to feel the essence of Vietnam’s traditions, this temple offers an unforgettable perspective on Hanoi’s heritage.
Opening information:
- Opening Hours: 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM daily
- Admission fees: Adults 70,000VND; discounted 35,000VND for Vietnamese students, seniors (60+), and people with disabilities; free for children under 15.
- Location: 58 Quoc Tu Giam Street, Van Mieu – Quoc Tu Giam Ward, Hanoi
- Website: Van Mieu – Quoc Tu Giam
Tips for visiting the Temple of Literature:
- Dress respectfully: This is a cultural and spiritual site. Modest clothing is recommended.
- Bring a camera: The temple’s courtyards, lotus ponds, and ancient architecture provide excellent photography opportunities.
- Combine with nearby attractions: After visiting, you can explore the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum or the Vietnam Fine Arts Museum, both within walking distance.
And, don’t forget to reach out Jacky Travel for superior itinerary planning to enhance your appreciation of Hanoi’s landscape.